Elaboración de pitillos biodegradables a partir de las cáscaras de mango. (Mangifera Indica)

Abstract

In the current context of environmental crisis and the search for sustainable solutions, this research proposes an ecological alternative to single-use plastics by developing biodegradable straws from mango peels (Mangifera indica), an abundant organic waste product in the community of La Honda, Carabobo State, Venezuela. The main objective was to develop a pectocellulosic bioplastic capable of contributing to environmental protection and promoting a circular economy through the valorization of local waste. The experimental methodology was structured in five stages: (1) pretreatment of the peels through cleaning and dehydration; (2) grinding to obtain fine flour; (3) dosing and mixing with natural plasticizers (glycerin, acetic, citric, and lauric acids); (4) molding and sealing into straw shapes; and (5) drying to ensure structural stability and functionality. Laboratory tests demonstrated a high biodegradability potential: in an aquatic environment, the bioplastic lost up to 61.67% of its mass in seven days. Furthermore, it was verified that the straws did not alter the organoleptic properties of the beverages, maintaining their functionality. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the feasibility of producing biodegradable straws from mango peels, offering a practical and sustainable solution. This project addresses a global environmental need and sets a precedent for scientific innovation and the repurposing of local waste to promote sustainable development.