Utilidad de los principios lógicos-formales y de los métodos lógicos en el abordaje del fenómeno de investigación de la tesis doctoral, en la actualidad

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to examine the utility of formal logical principles and logical methods in addressing the research phenomenon of doctoral theses today, aiming to identify their effective application and evaluate their benefits and limitations in the contemporary context. The theoretical foundation is based on the classical formal logical principles systematized by Aristotle (Identity, Non-Contradiction, and Excluded Middle), integrating Leibniz's Principle of Sufficient Reason and Spinoza's notion of causality. It also incorporates reinterpretations by authors such as Hegel and Schopenhauer, who suggest that logic must adapt to complexity. The applied methodology is case analysis, illustrating the usefulness of these approaches in two doctoral research scenarios: the need for ethical training in robotics engineers and the influence of language in university-level mathematics teaching. The results show that logical principles are essential for formulating hypotheses, constructing coherent arguments, ensuring the validity of conclusions, and facilitating the integration of diverse research paradigms. Furthermore, it is posited that in the twenty-first century, logic manifests as propositional, modal, and fuzzy logic, whose methods influence contemporary design and management approaches, such as Top-Down and Bottom-Up schemes. Finally, in conclusion, it is reaffirmed that these principles and methods are fundamental for rigor and coherence in doctoral research, offering a solid framework applicable to diverse areas such as robotics, ethics, language, and mathematics.